深圳超级学长刘北山你维护国际我维护你

原标题：深圳超级学长刘北山：“你维护国际，我维护你”

写作栏目：

每周星期六更新，Rachel教师会挑选外刊精读和雅思写作范文进行解析，让你快速堆集写作可用好词好句材料，让写作不再苍白。

Rachel教师：你只管记，我会毫无保留“发功”传送给你~

学习指引

1. 独立阅览阶段，把握阶段粗心，画出好词好句；

2. 阅览翻译，学习生词及例句，堆集写作引荐用词用句；

3. 结合雅思写作论题，堆集相关材料，学习范文表达。

本期导读

经济学人精读 | 2018年10月6日刊：Parents worry more about bullying than anything else.

最近，《少年的你》炽热上映，校园暴力这个沉重的论题从头回到咱们的视界。这是一个全球性的问题，《经济学人》也曾多次报导。本次摘选了经济学人一篇文章的两段话，带着咱们一同阅览，学习好词好句。

精读阶段一

①Surveys in Britain and America consistently show that the biggest worry parents have for their school-age children is that they will be bullied. ②In Japan more pupils commit suicide on September 1st, just before the start of the new term, than on any other day.③But educators struggle to spot bullying, let alone to stop it. ④Many victims are too ashamed to tell a teacher. ⑤One former victim who recently finished high school in Vancouver says he kept the pain to himself for several months, worried that teachers would “judge” him.

语篇剖析

本段作者放宽视界，论说英国、美国和日本的校园暴力状况。①句经过旁边面描绘英美爸爸妈妈的忧虑，凸显校园暴力的普遍性。②句以数据日本开学时自杀率最高，阐明校园暴力的普遍性。③句以but转机，指出校方的无能。④句解说③句背面的原因。⑤句以实在事例支撑③④句观念。

参阅译文

英美两国的查询均显现爸爸妈妈关于学龄儿童最大的忧虑就是他们会遭受校园霸凌。在日本，9月1日那天（开学前夕）自杀学生的数量要多于其他任何一天。但是，教育工作者们很难发现霸凌行为，更不要提去阻挠它了。因为许多受害学生都羞于告知教师。温哥华一位刚刚高中毕业的学生也曾被霸凌过，他标明一连数月他都是静静接受苦楚，忧虑教师们会“评判”他。

精读阶段二

①Globally, bullying tends to peak in the early-teenage years before tapering off. ②Boys are slightly more likely than girls to engage in it, and to bully both sexes. ③Girls tend to bully other girls. ④Boys are more likely to use their hands and feet. ⑤Female tormentors prefer “relational” bullying, such as spreading false rumours or exclusion from a social group.

语篇剖析

本段作者从年纪和性别两个维度来讨论校园暴力。①句指出校园暴力事件发作的年纪段。②-⑤句指出校园暴力在两性之间的不同之处。

参阅译文

从全球规模来看，霸凌行为往往会集发作在青少年前期阶段，到达高峰后继而衰退。相比较而言男孩更简单成为施害者，而且霸凌目标不限男女，而女孩往往是欺压其他女孩。男孩更有或许挑选四肢并用式的肢体霸凌，女人施害者则倾向于“联系霸凌”，例如分布虚伪流言或是在外交集体中架空受害者。

校园暴力往往发作在青少年时期，伴随着从众行为，在英文中，咱们一般把校园暴力的原因之一归结为 “peer pressure”

时代周刊 也有重视这一论题，咱们在这儿摘选相关阶段，带领咱们看看同辈压力是什么，同龄人的影响详细在哪几个方面。

精读阶段三

①Come on — everybody's doing it.② That whispered message, half invitation and half goad, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.③It usually leads to no good — drinking, drugs, casual sex. ④But in her new book, Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

语篇剖析

首段引进论题。①②句一个典型的场景最初，引出本文主题同辈压力(peer pressure)。代词that whispered message指代①的话，防止重复而且完结句间联接。③句用usually引出同辈压力一般会带来的成果，为后文的转机做衬托。④句以but转机，引出Tina Rosenberg新书的观念：同辈压力也能够变成一种活跃力气(positive force)协助改进日子。

goad [gəʊd] 义为“鼓舞，影响” (something that makes someone do a particular thing)。比方◇The offer of economic aid was a goad to political change. 供给经济援助是政治改革的推动力。文中half invitation and half goad是whispered message的同位语，标明半约请半鼓动。

goad还能够作动词，goad sb >标明“鼓动或人做某事”。比方◇The boxers were goaded >拳击运动员听见观众的叫喊就来劲儿了。

peer pressure 义为“同辈压力”(the influence that other people of your own age or social class have >，是一个常见又地道的表达。比方◇Teenagers often start smoking because of peer pressure. 青少年往往因为同龄人的压力而开端吸烟。[写作引荐]

force这儿作名词，义为“力气；影响力”(the strong effect or influence of sth)，近义词有drive, momentum以及后文的dynamic。比方◇They realized the force of her argument. 他们领会到了她那论据的威力。[写作引荐]

group dynamic指“集体动力学”(a system of behaviours and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups)。

参阅译文

快来吧——咱们都在这样做呢。这句半约请半逼迫的耳语是咱们大多数人在听到“同辈压力”一词时会想到的，一般不会导致什么好成果——喝酒，吸毒，和滥交。但蒂娜·罗森伯格在她的新书《咱们都相同》中辩称，同辈压力也能够终究靠她所谓的社会医治成为一种活跃力气，安排和官员能够终究靠这种办法，运用集体动力来协助个人改进日子，乃至是改进整个国际。

精读阶段四

①There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. ②An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits — as well as negative ones — spread through networks of friends via social communication. ③This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

语篇剖析

本段首要论说了同辈压力怎么施加影响力。①句先退让，必定同辈压力对人们行为的影响。②句引证研讨成果证明①句观念。③句指出同辈压力真实起作用的方法：奇妙地(subtle)，无意识地(unconciously)， this完结句间联接。

exert enormous influence on sb/sth 为 “对……施加巨大的影响”，咱们咱们能够把这个短语背下来，用在自己的作文里。

emerging来历于动词emerge, 指“新式的；兴起的”(growing and developing)。近义的表达有：rising, nascent等等。比方一个新式产业：◇an emerging industry 一个新式国家：◇an emerging country/nation。 [写作引荐]

a body of sth 指“很多...，大堆...”(a large amount or collection of sth)。咱们还能够运用一些含糊化的表 达，比方 There is a growing body of evidence that... 渐渐的变多的依据标明.... 这是外刊中十分高频的表达，比方谈到996工作制，咱们想表达工作时间过长会导致郁闷和焦虑，能够写作◇There is a growing body of evidence that working long hours is associated with depression and anxiety.假如要进一步论说，后边还能够加一些详细的 比方。 假如咱们对立某一观念，便能够说 There is little evidence that... 没有依据标明... 比方 There is little evidence that working long hours can boost productivity. [写作引荐]

参阅译文

毫无疑问，咱们的同辈集体会对咱们的行为发生巨大影响。不断涌现的很多研讨标明，活跃的健康习气康和消沉的健康习气都是靠社会外交的朋友圈传达的。这是同辈压力的一种奇妙方式：咱们会无意识地仿照每天看到的行为。

本期雅思写作论题：Peer Pressure

TASK2:

Young people are often influenced in their behaviors and situations by others in the same age. This is called “peer pressures”. Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?

思路解析：

1. 首要，同龄人的压力会消除特性。举例，在这种压力下，年轻人总是重视，榜样和跟从别人，包含了穿着，口味和行为。这种一致性让孩子们渐渐失掉自我认知(self identity)。

2. 同龄人的压力还会导致年轻人犯错。举例，假如有火伴有着糟糕的日子小习气，如吸烟，喝酒和吸毒的话，那么这个年轻人就会不由得去测验，并终究上瘾。此外，为了遵守某个集体的所谓规则，单纯的年轻人会被迫使参加一些团伙犯罪活动之中，如偷盗，掠夺等。

3. 当然，某些恰当的同辈压力也会给年轻人的前进带来动力。举例，在校园学习中，来自其他同学的杰出的学习表现是一个天然的压力，会影响一个年轻人更尽力的听课，考虑和完结作业。此外，假如朋友们有着去图书馆的习气，那么这个年轻人也会被鼓舞去学习和阅览。

参阅范文：

Peer pressure refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behavior in order to conform to group norms. In my view, peers bring more negative influences on a youngster than the positive ones, and my reasons would be explored as below.

Individuality is removed. Actually, for the purpose of receiving the social acceptance, young people might consciously compel them to approve of and comply with ideas, views and behaviors of other peers, instead of obeying their inner hearts. One typical example is lifestyle. As living in groups, unconditionally catering to even-aged students and students around is the main way of young people to avoid being labeled as eccentrics, such as by blindly following their tastes of food and clothing, hairs, music and amusements like sheep.

The high vulnerability to peer pressure is a reason of youth violence and crimes. In fact, if companies have poor values and illegal behaviors, the youth would be brainwashed by the evil. For example, gravitating to young friends abusing alcohol or drugs, a youngster is very likely to try these new things, thus trapped in the addictions of unhealthy and unlawful habits. Similarly, in order to succumb to rules of a gang, a teenager would engage in social crimes, like thefts, school bullying, vandalism, arson and rape. Consequently, the ill influence from peers will ruin the life of youngsters.

Admittedly, to some extent, the influence of peers is valuable, because a moderate peer pressure can sharpen good qualities of the youth. For example, in school education, the pressure of classmates is a natural motivation for a young student to study hard. In addition, when a child knows his or her friends have a habit of reading books in library regularly, he or she will feel tempted to do so. Therefore, a positive impact of peers can help to keep a child knows his or her friends have a habit of reading books in library regularly, he or she will feel tempted to do so. Therefore, a positive impact of peers can help to keep a child on a right track.

In conclusion, risks from peer pressures are over the benefits. Although children can be driven by pressures of classmates to work hard in school education, the adverse effects of such pressure on depersonalizing teenagers and forming ill behaviors and illegal minds among them should never be underestimated.

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